The Imagination.

                                            The Imagination

                               I.A.Richards.

                           

        

1) Introduction:-

           Literary Criticism has found itself as an important and independent branch in established new horizons. A number scholar have emerged as a critics and interpreted literature in order to help a common reader I.A .Richards and T.S.Eliot are considered as “ The Father of New Criticism”. I.A.Richards has contributed in the development of literary criticism by his distinctive essay like his practical criticism ,four types of meaning imagination and many other .At present we are concerned with his view on the imagination.

Six Sense of Imagination                        

                                    According to I.A.Richards we can define the term ‘Imagination’ at least in six distinct sense. He discusses various meanings and concepts of the same term and then considers a particular concept the most important. According to I.A.Richards, it is convenient to separate than before passing on the consider the work which is important.

1)     Production of Image :-

                   The First concept of the imagination is very common and that is production of various image usually visual images. The Production of various images and visual images are the most common and the most interesting thing which is referred by imagination.

2)    The use of figurative Language

                           Another concept of the imagination is use of figurative language. People who naturally employ, Metaphor and simile especially when it is of an “unusual kind “are same to have imagination. It should not be over looked that metaphor and simile to which may be considered together. They have great variety of function in speech. This is most common scientific use of metaphor. It is in emotive language and in poetry.

For example

           Shelly’s “Dome of many Colored glass”   

                                    It is only example which spring to mind. Some attitude of speaker to his subject or to his audience is using the metaphor as a tool of expression.

Gibbon said

      “The freedom of writing has indeed provoked a strict tribe but as a I was safe from the stings. I was seen accustomed to the buzzing of the honest.

                        There are few metaphors whose effect can be traced to the logical relation. Metaphor is a method by which a great variety of elements can be brought in the experience.

3) The Narrative Sense:-

                        A Narrower sense is that in which sympathetic reproduction other people’s state of mind.particular their emotional state of mind is such imagination can be found in play. The dramatist says that the critic who thinks that is behaving unnaturally.

                  This kind of the imagination is plainly a necessity for communication bed plays to be successful require it as much as good play.

4) Inventiveness Imagination:-

                  It is another important sense. It is brings element together which are not connected. According to this ‘ Edison’ is said to have imagination and any fantastic romance will show it in ‘ Excelsis’.The crazy people will beat us at combining old ideas.

5) The Scientific Imagination:-

      Fifth concept according to I.A.Richards is the scientific imagination. This is an order of experience in definitive ways and definite end purpose not necessary deliberate and conscious but limited to given field. The Technical victory of the art is the example of this kind of imagination.

6) The Sense of Musical Delight (Coleridge)   

                 Finally we come to the sense of imagination with which we are here most concerned. It is closely concerned. It is closely connected with Coleridge’s concept of imagination. It is Coleridge’s great contribution to critical theory. In his words imagination means….

“That Synthetic and magical power  to which we have exclusively appropriated the name of imagination…”.

It is a sense of novelty and freshness with old and familiar objects, a more than usual states of emotion, with more that usual order. The sense of musical delight, and modifying a series of thoughts by someone per-dominant thought feeling these are gifts of imagination.

                     In Describing the poet we laid stress upon the availability of his experience , upon the width of the field and the completeness of the response which we can make compared with him the ordinary man control nine- tenths of his spirit  because he is an incapable of managing them without confusion. To Point out that ….

          “The Sense of musical delight is a gift of the imagination.”

                Was one of Coleridge’s most brilliant feat.

Ø Analysis of Tragedy:-

     I.A. Richards further discuss about employing imagination .In literature he gives example of tragedy where, he express that there is balanced of opposite and discordant qualities.

            We have suggested that imagination produces effects similar to those which a company crisis in experience.

                   For example Tragedy is the easiest to analysis. It is necessary to know that there is no connection in the tragic experience .The mind does not protect itself with any illusion. The mind stands unforted, alone and self-reliant. Richards states that….

    “ There is balanced of opposite and discordant qualities ,pity and terror are brought in tragedy which they find nowhere else.”

Ø Suppression and sublimation:- 

           Suppression and sublimation are the tools by which we try to avoid issues which might confuse us. The sense of tragedy is forces us to live for a moment without them. When we succeeded we find that there is no difficulty came from suppression and sublimation. 

               The Joy is not the injection that “All is right with words” or “Somehow there is jusitice”.It is and indication that all is right here and how in the nervous system because tragedy is experience and invites this excuse.  It is the greatest and rarest thing in literature that is why “Romeo and Juliet” is not a tragedy in the sense king Lear is.

        

                           In Tragedy there are terror and pity, horror and dread, regret and shame which show the adjectives pitiable in the place of ‘Piteous’. It is the relation between two set of passion and that is pity and terror which is the characteristic of tragedy. Pity and Terror are opposite in the sense in which dread are not Dread and Horror are not dread or horror are nearest then terror and pity because they  cannot attract as well as hate each other.

            Although for most people the experience of watching tragedies are infrequent from the arts. The most important general condition is mental health, a high state of ‘Vigilance’.

               Despite of all these difference there is certain general similarity which has lead to the legends of the ‘Aesthetic’ State….

 ‘Aesthetic emotion and the single quality beauty”.

 

Ø  Impulses in poetry:-

  

                          

There are two ways in which impulses may be organized.

  

1)By Exclusion and Inclusion

2)By Synthesis and Elimination:-

 A very great deal of poetry and art is its content with specific emotion like joy, sorrow, pride, love, admiration  mood etc and such art has its own value and its own place in human affairs. No one will quarreler with

     Break……. Break……Break

       Or with he coronach

                    Or

Rase Aylmer or love philosophy.

                                                                       

But they are not the greatest kind of poetry. We do not expect from them what we find in ‘Ode to nightingale, proud maisie, sir Petrie’s Spans’.

“The Definition of love” or in “The Nocturnal upon S.Lycie’s day”.

The structure of this two kind of experience are different a poem of the first group is built  out of sets of of impulse which run parallel in the poem of second group there are the most Extraordinary impulses.

                  The opposed impulses cannot be analyzed, when they are aroused by formal means it is impossible to do so but sometimes it is possible to go a step further then the criticism of the other arts.

Conclusion:-

                        Finally ,We are may conclude the present discussion with such finding that imagination has its various concepts.Imgination plays very vital role in creation of literature. The performance of tragedy gives an opportunity to some basic instincts like pity and terror to come out.   

                                                        

concepts.Imgination plays very vital role in creation of literature. The performance of tragedy gives an opportunity to some basic instincts like pity and terror to come out.