Wednesday, 1 February 2017

Compensation



              Compensation
                                Ralph Waldo Emerson.
                                                                            
                             
                

                                             



                                           


                                       The Title is very apt to its meaning and context .The poem which written by Emerson is full of philosophy and transcendentalism.
Main idea of the poem is    Balance in in balance”.
                        The speaker asks the question like

                      “Do I have a right to be happy when others are not?.

               It is also having the fact that everyone is not happy at the same time.
                                      The reader have the question that is he talking to the readers or himself and he also presents the reality that inbalance cannot be removed. This poem is having a direct question and the speaker asks it himself.
                          This poem is in a mood of meditation in which the speaker tries to meditate himself. In the see of full questions regarding equality .Emerson seems to be a preacher here who shares or preaches the “Buddhist Philosophy” so as to human being is unique and no one is superior or inferior .This uniqueness makes all human beings equal otherwise these is no equality among people because everyone is different in their own fields that is way they are unique. Though, all posses’ dissimilarities, their dissimilarities make them all different and this is their uniqueness.
           The writer has used figurative language in this poem. In which he bifurcate two things .On one side there is an individual and on another side the society itself. The very direct question makes the whole poem clear that is
                  “What do you mean when you say you are not equal to somebody?”

                             He intentionally uses the world ALONE in the line.
                         “I sit and mourn alone.”

                       He does not use lonely but rather alone to spread his ideas but nobody will belive or accept this idea that is why he is all alone. In second stanza he says,
                      “And why when mirth unseals all tongues”.

                      He is freely singing his ideas with regard to uniqueness .He sings about the mirth or joy .Indirectly the speaker makes the reader aware of the fact that when you wish to be equal to someone means you are hating your own position or status and want to be equal to that person’s position. Every person has his or her own talent which others do not have.
                             What becomes more impotant here is satisfaction what matters here is one’s work and how the way one works. Those who are satisfied their needs have been fulfilled. They are happy because the period of happiness is short lived. Emerson’s poem does not have poetic qualities but philophical one and this poem is not exception in this. Position does not give you equality or happiness but one’s satisfaction gives that happiness.
                                  The Indian philosophy of “KARMA” is very applicable here .In short, the speaker makes everyone equal by saying that we are not equal and this is how it makes everyone equal. Thus, all have this kind of uniqueness.
  
                                                        

Conscience



             Conscience
                          Henry David Thoreau.


      
              
                   

                        
     
                             

                         In this poem conscience stands for inner sense and indirectly also asks the question

                      Do I have my own conscience?

                                              The very first problem is society itself because there are innumerable taboos in society and also confusion which suggests that life is not rhythmic .It is also said that the conscience is based on fear not love. This poem talks about individuality because in society what happens with every individual is that he or she does not sustain any individuality .There is no uniqueness among people .he directly asks the question like

                    “Where is your individuality?”

               The poem is actually in the form of debate where the speaker speaks to himself .The meaningful lines he  share are

               “I love like whose plot is simple
                And does not thicken with every”.

                   Here plot means the life itself which is not at all straight and simple rather smoother and with this , he has interwoven other stories as well he also challenges “ The Bible” according to which life has forms and speaker clarify that life is harder than math’s because there is no specific formula in life itself.
                              What he meant here by pimple is problems which occur in life.it also means something unpleasant and unwanted .You like clear roads where you dislike speed breakers, pits etc. Similarity pimples are also like speed breakers which do not let the life be simple and clear .The problems as pimples crop up in one’s life.
                 The question he asks earlier is very rhetorical are which is highly or rather thoroughly philosophical .in this poem he makes demands.
                      More ever, he writes;-

                   “I love an earnest soul,
                    Who’s mightily joys and sorrow?
                    Are not drowned in a how!”

               And clarifies the hidden meaning that is about honesty which is very difficult to define .Indirectly it is symbolize the fact that conscience, similarity cannot be defined .It also presents the ideas that honesty and conscience are very wide forms which cannot be defined in a shorter span like a bowl which is very narrow and also says that man should not be narrow minded we are happy because society is happy and we are unhappy because it’s unhappy.
                      Thoreau likes the concept that Adam was faithful to Eve because he’s going to live with wife not God. He is talking about hypocrisy and says that we all pretend to be good but obviously we are not good in the underneath lines.

               “I love a soul not all of wood
                Predestined to be good,
                But true the backbone”.

               Our life is full of Dos and Don’ts right and wrong but what about the third form named “Right Wrong”.
   Similarly these are one another example of Black and White – Grey but what about this third form. So he present his dilemma here ad says that it impossible Thoreau also shares his ideas by saying that  we all are human because we all have the same problem of inner sense of conscience and of 

                  “Where to go?”
                   “What to choose?
                                                          Thoreau believes that life is beyond logic .Life is like a poem which can have multiple interpretation .First he capitalizes God in the line,

           “By whom the works which God begun”.

   Then he does not capitalize it in the line

         “If not good God, Good Devil”

 And Then again he capitalizes him in the line

              “To cheer God along”

                    It clearly shows that he does not favor to God but rather satirizes him and he satirizes him and he blames god who made the author.
               The main theme of this poem is

                    “I want to be what I am”.

             I do not want to be what I should be.
                                          Further more he presents his hidden and meaningful ideas that piece of wood can be crafted as it is solid but conscience is not solid and then says that if we are pieces of woods then God is craftsman’s, we are merely wooden soul who is predesignate to be good .So human beings are mere toys or actors.
                               Thoreau comes to the conclusion that one’s soul must be true to one .I must be true to one. I must be mere nothing else. This poem also reminds of Jayanat Mahapatra “Missing” in which he question himself by saying

                          “What I am?”

                   And loneliness is important to know who you are similarly in this poem, the question is asked not to be answered .We are helpless creatures we are living like corpses. The speaker says that he wants solitude so that he can know himself .He wants   time to talk to himself and put a very wonderful question

              “Do you talk to yourself everyday”?

                   It is all about placing ourselves in disguise in day to day life. We never take a time to think to talk to us. If is good to be alone sometimes and finally he says that when you are free you can say that it’s your conscience.

    Conclusion:-
                  “What is this life?
                     If full of care
                    We have no time to stand and stare”

            Thus, Thoreau, here talks about the freedom in which one can contemplate about or over his conscience in which one can think about the answer of “What am I”?
                                   
 
      

Tuesday, 31 January 2017

Reunion

                                

                                                                 Reunion

                                                      W.St.John Tayleur.
                                   
        


                             The author present before the reader a very important message that man has never learnt from his past. He has continued making the same errors despite the two world wars.

                The play is also a  satirical remark on human nature we talks about the changes that takes place in the lives of the main characters of the play.
                  
    These so called gentlemen made big promises which they never kept. They have become selfish  more ever they have lost their love for their country.

       All of them have become self centered.
 
               This play dramatizes the theme of failure of treachery of betrayed hopes and ideas .There are four  war comrades who have met after ten years.They remembered what happened to them ten years before.
 
      Actually they were  seven comrades and only four survived and these four comrades  have gathered to commemorate the date with destiny.

    There four characters are

GEORGE CARTER
PHILIP ROWLANDS
MARK TALLIS
PETER RANSOME


                              George Carter is a succeeded man and he believes that money can buy any things in this world .He does not  hesitate to  do illegal things with the help of money.
 
                  He has  a very interesting discussion with Rowlands a parer .We talks Rowlands that ideas are good in the book.
     
       Actually these values of life are dismissed by people like Carter in a nut shell be does not care about morality when it comes to progress and success.

               Carter and Ransome have an interesting discussion on how sergeant Smith was force to commit suicide.

         Carter says that he would not have allowed it to happen .He had known about his situation.
     
                         This  means that he would have saved because of personal relation .So  in  the question that comes to our mind is

     “ But what about all the other sergeant Smiths”.

Carter symbolizes double  standered if he had not been his friend.He would have been a smart bit of business .his mentality has separates man from man. It this situation in  the play to give it universality apply.

    
The second characters we are introduced to is a writer named Mark Tallis.Who has also abandon high ideals.He used to believe in the ideals about the writer duty to the public but his experience in the field has taught him that it's more important to people.

            Next comes Philip Rowlands who is a padre. He two belive that  it was his mission to his all ideals have been clashed to ground.

       He trice to logical true that he also needed by the rich people and only young man can work for the poor. It is obvious that he uses the church for is own his progress.
   
             The last character we meet is disappointed young man lad Peter Ransome who thinks that  he deserve from his country .He  has decided  to move to America .The reason for his disppoinntment is that he has not being provided with a good jog like he comrades .He represent the embittered youth of England.
    
        This four characters are not so much individuals as symbols which  respectively represent   the capitalists in the church the writers and the youth.
    
           All of them have forgotten their duty towards their nation and towards mankind.
  
   Grayson  lightly asked

                                “ Will men never learn”

               But it is not only the negative side of life .The writer shows we can still move human conscience.
        
           Grayson stands for conscience .he talks not only for four character but also human race at large  .At transformation take place but it's short leave.

           when this four characters find out that this grayson his comrades brother .They
abused him which proves that they have not  learn for Grayson.

        THe last word spoken by lesson for human race.

                          “But there's still time,gentlemen”.  
      

Wednesday, 5 October 2016

Here my Response on the Blog task of " Waiting for Godot".




1)    This Painting presenting clear cut image  the play of ‘ Waiting for Godot’. We See in the play that there are three setting like “ The Country Road, A Tree and Evening”. In this paining we see that one painting is suggest that the sun has rising it means they have Hope that god will come and the another Painting is suggest that the sun  has setting it means that they know that The ultimately truth of the life is the ‘Death’ and they known that our journey somewhere end and “our Aatma merge to Parramatta “. They are waiting for death. We can see on one side there is a barren tree because they both are immature in his nature and on the other side a grown tree (full of green leaves) ,its connected with his  spiritual satisfaction.

2)     In the  act 1 the Tree has barren so its connected with Hopelessness and nothingness of his life and in act 2  The Tree become grown tree its suggest that both of them understand the ultimate truth of the life is ‘’ DEATH’’. So both of them get spiritual satisfaction of his nature.

3)     Here i interpret that
                 The Moon – Life ( hope)
                 The Night ­­- Death
      In both Acts, Evening falls into night and moon rises  so its clearly show that they  have hope that godot will come and godot fulfills our desire  but at  the end both of them understand that the ultimate truth of life is death and we all are waiting for death.

4)    The director feels the setting with some debris with appropriateness.  Through the debris director wants to shows the fragmentation of life and nothingness of life. the debris gives some positive sign that one day our body will  turned out from the ashes. so the director  gives sign of death and immortality of the things.

5)    At the begging of the play the Estragon said that “Nothing to be done”. it means that they are constantly repeating same thing and they are waste our time to wait for godot and its uselessness.

6)     Yes, I agree that the play waiting for godot is positive play and its gives deep philosophical thinking about hope – home – salvation and at the end they understand that concept of death

7)    The two props like hat and boot has play significance role in the play .at the begging of the play we see that Vladimir wearing  hat ,its gives sign of his intellectuality( mind) and Estragon is trying to take of his boots,so its connected his physical strength( body).

8)       Yes, it is true that the lucky blindly follow the order of his master. we see that   he carries a heavy bags ,folding stool, a picnic basket and a greatcoat and he gives the rope of his sedative  and blind master, so here we see the a postcolonial mindset that he able to  escape of those place  but he given the whip of his master it means that the slave do not wants to change of his mentality, here we apply the master-slave mentality in this play  that the master become more master and slave become more slave . here i give the example of the play like ‘’ The hairy ape”. here i  interpret that
    Pozzo- materiality                                                                                     
     Lucky- Spirituality
9)    According to me, Godot  is meant to suggest the intervention of supernatural agency or whatever he stands for a mythical human being  whose arrival is expected to change the situation and its save our life and fulfills our wish. Both of them waiting for god may be they want to free from some pain like physical pain( Vladimir)and mental pain( Estragon).

10) The subject of the play is not Godot but waiting”. I do agree with the point of Martin Esslin. The act of waiting is essential and characteristic aspect of the human condition. we always wait for something so here the godot is simply present the objectives of our waiting  for an event, a things, a person and may be death

11)    During watching this play we also discussed on this things .Yes play can better be read than viewed because reading is the best way to understand the things. reading of things that comes with lots of idea , it is also increasing the thinking ability of reader.

12)    At the time When the Estragon and Vladimir are playing game with their hat they both of are puts hats to each other heads so they both of them doing stupid thing because they are passing their time because both of them waiting for godot and This sequence is my favorite of the play.

Episode of Master - slave is carefully crafted one. Both Lucky and Pozzo come in both the acts. Pozzo beats Lucky, treats him roughly, calls him 'pig'. Vladimir is challenging through questions where as Estragon on the other side makes fun, creates laughter on the stage. the long speech of Lucky is also wonderful. Even the boy comes, is confusing that whether it is the same boy or not. The dialogues between Vladimir and boy are short. boy mostly replies in Yes or No. and sometimes don’t give any answer. and Estragon remains busy in eating & sleeping is also meaningful

 Even the boy comes, is confusing that whether it is the same boy or not. the dialogues between Vladimir and boy are short. boy mostly replies in Yes or No. and sometimes don’t give any answer. and Estragon remains busy in eating & sleeping is also meaningful.

13) Yes, I feel the effect of existential crisis or meaninglessness of human existence in the irrational and indifference Universe during screening of the movie. Here the Existentialism is emphasis   the notions of  anguish, freedom,emotion ,individuality and passion of human life. in the middle of the act 2 we read the dialogues  between Estragone and Vladimir like
          Estragon: ­­- Let’s go.
          Vladimir: -   We can’t
          Estragon:- Why not?
          Vladimir   :-  We’re waiting for Godot.
In these dialogues we see that they doing meaningless work and the outcome of his work is nothing and they repeating same thing. We see that time has passes but they are constantly waiting for godot.

14) Both of them decided that we are  hang ourselves but Vladimir said that godot will come tomorrow so we will hang ourselves tomorrow. the man commit suicide it means that he doing something wrong in his life and he wants to free from the all suffering that why he commit suicide. According to Christianity the living of life is most agenda of the Christianity and “The commit suicide is an individual act”. Here we give the example of Ophelia in the play Hamlet. in the play we see that the priest refuses to do the burial ceremony of the Ophelia because she commit suicide so according  to Christianity the commit suicide is a sin.
  
15)   We read politically the play, Vladimir - Russia; Estragon - France; Pozzo - Italy and Lucky – England then Godot can be considered as Germany  because  its connected with somehow war or may be with Hitler.

16)   We see master and slave mentality  in this play .the slave Lucky has also know that his master is bind but he follow all the order of his master. so he able to leave that place but he did not do such thing .so we said that  the slave has don’t  change our mentality. So  we cannot clearly point out the connection of Ireland and England for the play.

17)                     
 Act- 1
BOY: - What am I to tell Mr. Godot, Sir?
VLADIMIR: Tell him . . . (he hesitates) . . . tell him you saw us. (Pause.) You did see us, didn't you?
Act – 2
BOY: What am I to tell Mr. Godot, Sir?
VLADIMIR: Tell him . . . (he hesitates) . . . tell him you saw me and that . . (he hesitates) . . . that you saw me. (Pause. Vladimir advances, the Boy recoils. Vladimir halts, the Boy halts. With sudden violence.) You're sure you saw me; you won't come and tell me tomorrow that you never saw me!

 This change in conversation from “Us” to “Me” suggests two things first is Vladimir has become self-centered and another is being individual and leaving ego behind as psychologically Vladimir suggests id and Estragon suggests ego.

 Thank you ,sir

Tuesday, 9 August 2016

The Waste Land


                    
            The Waste Land
                                        T.S.Eliot.



                                    The Waste Land is  the poem of the 21 century .It is the masterpiece of the T.S Eliot .He talking about the land where  is nothing can be grown.The poem has divided into five parts. It is difficult poem because the poets includes many mytical story in his poems. Eliot has used very vast numbers of myth that are found in myths of various cultures from Greek, French, Indian, Christen and many other by recalling those of historical myths. Eliot created canvas with different images. He was unhappy with the present world in which he was living. He used myth in positive way to show negativity- decayed condition of his own culture. Whereas myths are deconstructed is negative use of myth.
                        Friedrich has the idea of 'Superman' who believes in faith and Self only. Superman has quality that he only believes in this life rather than after the death of life.Means, he has no belief in any mysticism. Super human  is the creator of own life and values. He has his own motifs and will power.He thinks that the self is more important than any thing else and there is nothing beyond the self.            

                         Freud and Eliot both are thinks differently. Freud believed in collective and individual balance , which should constantly take into account man’s primitive instincts.
Such perversion sex result in neurosis, frustration and disillusionment, despair and hopelessness of the modern man .
                          T.S. Eliot thinks that the salvation of man lies in the preservation of the cultural tradition. T.S. Eliot had been reading Jessie Weston’s book ‘from Ritual to Romance’ , and James Frazer’s Famous Book ‘ The Golden Bough’. The Poet himself has acknowledged that he was deeply influenced by these work or anthropology. And the ancient and the primitive myth and legends which from the mythical background to the poem are derived from these book. Indian religious book’ Upanishad’ pointed out ways to salvation.


                       Write about allusions to the Indian thoughts in 'The Waste land the T.S.Eliot uses Indian philosophies and Upanishads for his poem. He uses an ancient Indian language, which is also the language of Buddhist and Hindu scriptures. It was during this disturbed period of his life that he wrote The Waste Land.

                      The dead do not remain dead in T.S. Eliot's "Waste land".The other side of this, life-in-death, is illustrated by the first line of the poem which asserts that, “April is the cruellest month.” April is so cruel because it is the month of rebirth, and it serves as a reminder that in the "Wasteland" what is dead does not always stay dead.

There are numerous examples of Hindu influences on the "Wasteland." Like the repetition of "shantih" at the end of this poem.Hindu philosophy teaches that it is the ignorance of this unity which is at the root of all human misery and suffering.

Eliot uses words like :-
Datta: Give
Dayadvam: Sympathize
Damyata: Control

DA
Datta: what have we given?
My friend, blood shaking my heart
The awful daring of a moment’s surrender
Which an age of prudence can never retract
By this, and this only, we have existed
Which is not to be found in our obituaries
Or in memories draped by the beneficent spider
Or under seals broken by the lean solicitor
In our empty rooms

DA
Dayadhvam: I have heard the key
Turn in the door once and turn once only
We think of the key, each in his prison
Thinking of the key, each confirms a prison
Only at nightfall, aethereal rumours
Revive for a moment a broken Coriolanus

DA
Damyata: The boat responded
Gaily, to the hand expert with sail and oar
The sea was calm, your heart would have responded
Gaily, when invited, beating obedient
To controlling hands

                                    I sat upon the shore
Fishing, with the arid plain behind me
Shall I at least set my lands in order?
London Bridge is falling down falling down falling down
Poi s’ascose nel foco che gli affina
Quando fiam uti chelidon—O swallow swallow
Le Prince d’Aquitaine à la tour abolie
These fragments I have shored against my ruins
Why then Ile fit you. Hieronymo’s mad againe.
Datta. Dayadhvam. Damyata.
                  Shantih     shantih     shantih
                                                                             
                                                                                        .....

                 Thank you